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Fifteenth-century Florence is generally considered the cradle of the modern architect. There, for the first time since Antiquity, the Vitruvian concept which distinguishes between builder and designer was recognised in architectural theory, causing a fundamental rupture in architectural practice. In this well-established narrative Northern Europe only followed a century later when, along with the diffusion of Italian treatises and the introduction of the all ntica style, a new type of architect began to replace traditional gothic masters. However, historiography has largely overlooked the important transformations in building organisation that laid the foundations for our modern architectural production, such as the advent of affluent contractors, public tenders, and specialised architectural designers, all of which happened in fifteenth-century Northern Europe. Drawing on a wealth of new source material from the Low Countries, this book offers a new approach to the transition from the Middle Ages to the Early Modern Period by providing an alternative interpretation to the predominantly Italo-centric perspective of the current literature, and its concomitant focus on style and on Vitruvian theory.--
Nederlanden --- History of the Low Countries --- Architecture --- architecture [discipline] --- anno 1400-1499 --- Architectural practice --- History --- Architects --- Architecture, Gothic --- Architecture, Renaissance --- Building trades --- Job descriptions --- Social networks --- Architect and client --- Architectural services --- Practice --- Vocational guidance --- Architectural practice - Netherlands - History - To 1500 --- Architectural practice - Netherlands - History - 15th century --- Architectural practice - Belgium - History - To 1500 --- Architectural practice - Belgium - History - 15th century --- architectuur, Nederlanden
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Bringing together over twenty years of research, this book gives a complete overview of independence-friendly logic. It emphasizes the game-theoretical approach to logic, according to which logical concepts such as truth and falsity are best understood via the notion of semantic games. The book pushes the paradigm of game-theoretical semantics further than the current literature by showing how mixed strategies and equilibria can be used to analyze independence-friendly formulas on finite models. The book is suitable for graduate students and advanced undergraduates who have taken a course on first-order logic. It contains a primer of the necessary background in game theory, numerous examples and full proofs.
First-order logic --- Game theory --- First-order logic. --- Game theory. --- Logic, Modern --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Games, Theory of --- Theory of games --- Mathematical models --- Mathematics --- Mathematical Sciences --- General and Others
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